Triple receptor agonist: Retatrutide (also known as LY-3437943) simultaneously targets three receptors GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon (GCG). This sets it apart from single (e.g., semaglutide) or dual agonists (e.g., tirzepatide)

Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide originally developed by Novo Nordisk as part of their exploration of selective growth hormone secretagogues. Structurally, it is a short chain of five amino acids, designed to act as an agonist at the ghrelin or growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). By binding to this receptor in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, ipamorelin mimics the activity of the natural “hunger hormone” ghrelin, stimulating the pituitary to release growth hormone (GH) in a pulsatile and physiologically natural rhythm. This mechanism contrasts with direct growth hormone injections, which deliver GH in a non-pulsatile, supra-physiological manner.

MOTS-c is a 16–amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) that plays a key role in metabolic regulation. Produced within mitochondria, it helps maintain cellular energy balance by influencing glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and stress-response pathways. MOTS-c can translocate to the nucleus, where it regulates the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic adaptation, particularly during metabolic stress. Studies indicate that MOTS-c enhances exercise performance, reduces obesity and insulin resistance, and provides protective effects against conditions such as osteoporosis, metabolic disorders, and age-related diseases. In summary, MOTS-c supports metabolic homeostasis, healthy aging, and improved physical performance while mitigating the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and related disease states.