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SS-31
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99%+ HPLC Purity — Independently verified by accredited US laboratory -
Endotoxin-Screened — LAL tested, LPS-free, endotoxin report available
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GMP-Certified Manufacturing — USA facility, ISO 9001:2015
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Lyophilized for Stability — Shipped cold-packed, intact for reconstitution
Molecular Weight
Third Party Tested
APPLICATION
For Research Use only
Form
Lyophilized Powder
Storage
-20°C Long Term
Purity (HPLC)
99%+ Third Party Verified
Manufacture
USA / GMP
4.9 847 verified reviews
SS-31
Total Price
$299.96
Discounted Price
$248.97
Vials
3 vials
You Save
$50.99
17% OFF
Select Strength (mg)
99% HPLC Purity
Select Vials
Bulk pricing applied
📈 Upgrade to 10 vials and save an extra vs. buying 5 — nearly 3 free vials.
Select Purchase Option:
-
99%+ HPLC Purity —
Independently verified by accredited US laboratory
-
Endotoxin-Screened —
LAL tested, LPS-free, endotoxin report available
-
GMP-Certified Manufacturing —
USA facility, ISO 9001:2015
-
Lyophilized for Stability —
Shipped cold-packed, intact for reconstitution
Molecular Weight
Third Party Tested
APPLICATION
For Research Use only
Form
Lyophilized Powder
Storage
-20°C Long Term
Purity (HPLC)
99%+ Third Party Verified
Manufacture
USA / GMP
SS-31 is a laboratory research peptide used to study mitochondrial membrane interactions, cardiolipin binding, and cellular signaling pathways in controlled experimental systems. This product is supplied strictly for research use only. It is not approved or intended for human or animal use, and any discussion of biological activity refers only to preclinical or in vitro research.
One of the unique aspects of SS-31 is its specific affinity for cardiolipin, a phospholipid located within the inner mitochondrial membrane that is essential for maintaining electron transport chain structure and membrane integrity. Disturbances in cardiolipin stability are commonly examined in research involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and bioenergetic decline. SS-31’s ability to interact with cardiolipin has therefore made it a recurring subject in studies investigating how mitochondrial membrane condition affects broader cellular behavior.
Additionally, research has documented that SS-31 may influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the mitochondrial level. Excessive ROS production is commonly evaluated in studies on cellular stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial impairment. By focusing on mitochondria directly, rather than acting as a broad-spectrum antioxidant, SS-31 offers researchers a pathway to study targeted mechanisms of oxidative modulation rather than systemic antioxidant activity.
For laboratory use, SS-31 is commonly supplied as a high-purity, LPS-free peptide, manufactured to meet strict research standards. As an endotoxin-free peptide, it is frequently utilized in sensitive in vitro and ex vivo experimental setups where contamination control is critical. Research peptides such as SS-31 are typically endotoxin tested to support reproducibility and reliability across mitochondrial and cellular research applications.
This compound is intended strictly for research use only and is not approved for human or animal use.
SS-31 at a glance
| Molecular formula | C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅ |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 639.8 g/mol |
| CAS number | 736992-21-5 |
| PubChem CID | 11764719 |
| Application | Research use only |
What is SS-31?
SS-31 is a laboratory research material used to examine peptide behavior, mitochondrial membrane interactions, and cellular-response pathways in controlled experimental models. References to biological effects are provided for scientific context only and must not be interpreted as claims of therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical benefit. This product is not offered for human or veterinary use.
SS-31 is a research peptide used in laboratory studies to examine cardiolipin binding, mitochondrial membrane behavior, and related biochemical pathways. Any references to disease models, clinical research, or experimental outcomes are provided solely to describe published research context and do not imply that this material is intended for medical use.
Why is SS-31 studied?
It is studied as a chemical probe for cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Because binding is to the lipid rather than to a protein receptor, the peptide is used to test how cardiolipin organisation affects electron transport and membrane curvature.4
How is SS-31 studied in the lab?
SS-31 associates with cardiolipin, the signature phospholipid of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Research examines how that interaction affects cytochrome c binding, electron-transport-chain efficiency, cristae architecture and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, particularly in ischaemia-reperfusion and mitochondrial-dysfunction models.
Reported work uses isolated mitochondria, permeabilised cells and rodent ischaemia-reperfusion models, with readouts including mitochondrial swelling, oxygen consumption, ATP synthesis and cytochrome c peroxidase activity.3, 4
What has preclinical research reported?
SS-31 is used in laboratory studies to examine mitochondrial membrane interactions, cardiolipin binding, and cellular-response behavior under controlled experimental conditions. Any references to research models are provided only for context and do not imply therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical use.
Why SS-31 Matters in Research Settings
In laboratory research, SS-31 is examined for its interaction with mitochondrial structures and downstream cellular responses. Studies may focus on membrane stability, electron transport behavior, and oxidative-stress pathway analysis in controlled research environments. These references are included solely for scientific context and should not be interpreted as claims of medical benefit.
Key Research-Observed Attributes of SS-31
SS-31 is used in experimental research investigating:
- mitochondrial membrane interactions
- cardiolipin-binding behavior
- oxidative-stress pathway analysis
- cellular-response modeling
- assay development
- bioenergetic research
All references to biological pathways are provided for research context only and do not imply human or veterinary applications.
Research Applications
SS-31 may be used in laboratory studies involving:
- Mitochondrial bioenergetics assays
- Cardiolipin and inner-membrane lipid research
- Ischaemia-reperfusion models
- Cristae architecture and electron microscopy studies
- Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress research
- Mitochondrial-targeted compound method development
All uses are limited to research settings only. This product is not intended for human or animal use.
Mitochondrial swelling and oxidative cell death (in vitro)
Cell-permeable aromatic-cationic peptides targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane were reported to inhibit mitochondrial swelling and oxidative cell death in isolated mitochondria and cultured cells, and to reduce injury in a reperfusion model.3
Cardiolipin interaction (isolated mitochondria)
SS-31 was reported to interact with cardiolipin and to re-energise ischaemic mitochondria, linking the peptide effect directly to the lipid rather than to a protein target.4
Forms studied and handling
Supplied as a lyophilised powder in a sealed vial. Published handling practice for research peptides of this class is cold, dry, light-protected storage of the lyophilised solid, with reconstituted material kept refrigerated and used within the stability window established by the laboratory. For laboratory research use only.
Who publishes on SS-31?
Published literature describes SS-31 in cell, rodent and clinical-trial settings under the name elamipretide. Those observations are summarised here as research context only and are not claims of safety, effectiveness or suitability for human or veterinary use.
Research Focus: Mitochondrial Targeting Mechanism
Title: The Mitochondrial-Targeted Compound SS-31 Re-Energizes Ischemic Mitochondria by Interacting with Cardiolipin (Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2013)
Authors: Alexander V. Birk, Shaoyi Liu, Yi Soong et al.
Research Focus: Cardiolipin Protection Review
Title: First-in-Class Cardiolipin-Protective Compound as a Therapeutic Agent to Restore Mitochondrial Bioenergetics (British Journal of Pharmacology, 2014)
Authors: Hazel H. Szeto
References
- doi:10.1681/asn.2012121216
- doi:10.1111/bph.12461
- Zhao K, Zhao GM, Wu D, et al. Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(33):34682-34690. doi:10.1074/jbc.M402999200
- Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, et al. The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(8):1250-1261. doi:10.1681/ASN.2012121216
For laboratory research use only. Products on this website are intended solely for in-vitro research. They are not medicines, have not been evaluated by the FDA, and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Any administration to humans or animals is strictly prohibited.
What are these peptides made for?
Our peptides are produced exclusively for laboratory and scientific research purposes.
Licensed Peptides™ products are developed using industry-standard synthesis and purification protocols, making them suitable for in vitro research, analytical testing, and experimental models.
Research-grade standards
- Synthesized via Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS)
- Purified using advanced HPLC methods
- Verified through analytical quality control processes
- Screened for heavy metals and endotoxins
Consistency across batches
Strict process controls ensure reproducibility, allowing researchers to work with confidence across experiments.
Applications
Our peptides are commonly used in research involving:
- Cellular signaling pathways
- Tissue remodeling and repair mechanisms
- Extracellular matrix regulation
- Molecular biology and biochemical studies
All products are intended for research use only and are not for human or animal consumption, therapeutic use, or clinical application.
Why buy from Licensed Peptides
At Licensed Peptides™, quality isn’t a claim — it’s a controlled, repeatable process.
Every peptide we produce follows a strict, pharma-grade workflow designed to ensure purity, stability, and consistency from synthesis to delivery.
What sets us apart
ISO-certified cleanroom manufacturing
All peptides are synthesized in sterile, controlled environments to eliminate contamination risk and ensure batch consistency.
>99% verified purity (HPLC tested)
We use advanced High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to separate and verify peptide purity with precision.
Comprehensive safety testing
Each batch undergoes heavy metal and endotoxin screening to ensure it is free from hidden contaminants.
Pharma-grade raw materials
We start with rigorously tested amino acids and reagents, ensuring integrity at the molecular level.
Lyophilized for stability
Freeze-dried peptides maintain long-term stability, potency, and reliability for research applications.
Nitrogen-sealed vials
Every vial is protected from oxygen and moisture, preserving structural integrity during storage and transit.
Built for serious research
From synthesis to delivery, every step is engineered to meet the expectations of professionals who require accuracy, consistency, and reliability.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.
How orders ship
We understand that timing and product integrity are critical for research.
| Ships to | United States (including minor outlying islands) |
|---|---|
| Processing days | Monday to Friday, excluding holidays |
| Daily cut-off | Paid orders placed before 4:00 PM PST are typically shipped the same business day |
| Free shipping | FedEx 2-Day Express on orders over $200 and for VIP members |
| Standard | USPS Ground Advantage, 3–7 business days (not guaranteed) — $8.95 |
| Expedited | FedEx 2-Day $11.95 · UPS 2-Day $19.95 · FedEx Next Day $44.99 |
| Signature | Required on delivery for orders of $1,000 or more |
How orders are handled
Cold chain protection
Products are stored in industrial-grade freezers prior to shipment to maintain stability and purity.
Secure & protective packaging
Each order is carefully packed to protect against temperature fluctuations, moisture exposure, and physical damage during transit.
Tracking
Once your order has shipped you will receive a tracking number by email, so you can monitor delivery progress.
Shipped from the United States
Orders are dispatched domestically from a U.S.-based operation, so there are no international customs steps.
Delivery times
Shipping times are estimates and begin after order processing. Delays may occur due to carrier issues, weather, or other unforeseen factors, and delivery dates are not guaranteed. Full terms are in our Shipping & Delivery Policy.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.
Additional information
| pack | 1 pack, 3 pack, 5 pack, 10 pack |
|---|
Storage conditions at a glance
| Lyophilized, in transit | Stable for shipping for up to 3–4 months |
|---|---|
| Lyophilized, short term | Room temperature is usually adequate for several weeks; refrigeration under 4°C (39°F) is generally acceptable |
| Lyophilized, long term | Freezer at -80°C (-112°F) for several months to years |
| After reconstitution | Refrigerated; stable for up to 30 days |
| Light and moisture | Keep cold and away from light in the original sealed vial |
Why the powder is stable
All of our products are manufactured using the lyophilization (freeze drying) process, which keeps them stable for shipping for up to 3–4 months.
Lyophilization is a unique dehydration process, also known as cryodesiccation, where the peptides are frozen and then subjected to low pressure. This causes the water in the peptide vial to sublimate directly from solid to gas, leaving behind a stable, crystalline white structure known as lyophilized peptide. The puffy white powder can be stored at room temperature until it is reconstituted with bacteriostatic water.
Storing vials on arrival
Once peptides have been received, it is imperative that they are kept cold and away from light. If the peptides will be used in the next several days, weeks or months, short-term refrigeration under 4°C (39°F) is generally acceptable. Lyophilized peptides are usually stable at room temperatures for several weeks or more, so if they will be utilized within weeks or months such storage is typically adequate.
For longer term storage (several months to years) it is more preferable to store peptides in a freezer at -80°C (-112°F). When storing peptides for months or even years, freezing is optimal in order to preserve the peptide’s stability.
After reconstitution
Once the peptides are reconstituted with bacteriostatic water, they must be stored in the fridge to maintain stability. After reconstitution, the peptides will remain stable for up to 30 days.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.
99%+ — Passes ≥99% 
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