NAD+ Atomized Solution 30ml

What is NAD+?

NAD+ is a naturally occurring cellular cofactor studied in laboratory settings for its role in oxidation-reduction reactions, enzyme function, and metabolic pathway analysis. References to biological effects are provided for scientific context only and must not be interpreted as claims of therapeutic, diagnostic, or clinical benefit. This product is not offered for human or veterinary use.

NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a dinucleotide coenzyme built from an adenine nucleotide joined to a nicotinamide nucleotide. It carries electrons between reactions as the NAD⁺/NADH couple and is also consumed as a substrate by sirtuins and PARPs, which distinguishes it from a purely catalytic cofactor.⁷

Why is NAD+ studied?

NAD+ sits at the centre of two distinct roles: as an electron carrier in redox reactions, and as a consumed substrate for the sirtuins, PARPs and CD38. The second role is what drives the current research literature, because it means cellular NAD+ is depleted by enzyme activity and must be resynthesised. Reported age-associated decline in tissue NAD+ is the observation most of this field is built on.

How is NAD+ studied in the lab?

In laboratory research, NAD+ is examined for its role in cellular energy metabolism, redox balance, and enzyme-mediated signaling pathways. Experimental studies explore how NAD+ participates in biochemical processes involved in cellular function. All references to biological mechanisms are included solely for research context and should not be interpreted as claims of medical benefit.

Laboratory work in this area measures intracellular NAD⁺ and NADH pools by enzymatic cycling or LC–MS, tracks the salvage-pathway enzyme NAMPT, and reads out sirtuin activity through protein acetylation status.^{7, 8}

What has preclinical research reported?

Who publishes on NAD+?

Shin-ichiro Imai, MD, PhD, focuses on elucidating the systemic regulation of aging and longevity in mammals. His research highlights three key tissues as fundamental components in mammalian aging and longevity regulation: the hypothalamus (serving as the central control hub), skeletal muscle (functioning as an effector), and adipose tissue (acting as a modulator). These discoveries have been synthesized into a unifying framework referred to as NAD World 2.0 (Imai, npj Systems Biology and Applications, 2016). Through this work, Dr. Imai and colleagues aim to clarify the critical inter-tissue communications among the hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in governing mammalian aging and lifespan.

References

1. Lloret A, Beal MF. PGC-1α, Sirtuins and PARPs in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions: NAD+ to Rule Them All. Neurochem Res. 2019 Oct;44(10):2423-2434. doi: 10.1007/s11064-019-02809-1. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31065944. PMID 31065944
2. Chini CCS, Tarragó MG, Chini EN. NAD and the aging process: Role in life, death and everything in between. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2017 Nov 5;455:62-74. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.003. Epub 2016 Nov 5. PMID: 27825999; PMCID: PMC5419884. View record
3. Garten A, Schuster S, Penke M, Gorski T, de Giorgis T, Kiess W. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of NAMPT and NAD metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2015 Sep;11(9):535-46. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.117. Epub 2015 Jul 28. PMID: 26215259. PMID 26215259
4. Verdin E. NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1208-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4854. PMID: 26785480. PMID 26785480
5. doi:10.1038/s41580-020-00313-x
6. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.011
7. Cantó C, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J. NAD⁺ metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis: a balancing act between mitochondria and the nucleus. Cell Metab. 2015;22(1):31–53. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.023
8. Mills KF, Yoshida S, Stein LR, et al. Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice. Cell Metab. 2016;24(6):795–806. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013